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Background: Skin is the most common organ involved in adverse reactions due to drugs. With newer drugs released into market every year, there is changing pattern of the reported cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In order to ensure safer use of medicines in patients, there is need for continuous monitoring of ADRs. This is a retrospective study to analyse spontaneously reported cutaneous ADRs.Methods: All the cutaneous ADRs reported between January 2017 and September 2018 were analysed for clinical patterns, suspected medications, causality, severity and preventability.Results: Of the 1035 reports received during the study period, 232 (22.41%) included cutaneous reactions. 113 (48.7%) were male and 119 (51.29%) were female. Maculopapular rash 70 (30.17%), pruritus 31 (13.36%), palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia 30 (12.93%), acne 19 (8.19%), urticaria 16 (6.89%) and fixed drug eruptions (FDE) 13 (5.6%) were the common clinical patterns. Antimicrobial agents followed by anticancer drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hormones and related drugs, and antiepileptic drugs were the common suspected group of drugs. Causality assessment as done by WHO-UMC scale showed that 3 (1.29%) were certainly related, 174 (75%) were probably related and 55 (23.7%) were possibly related to the suspected medication.Conclusions: Cutaneous ADRs are most frequently reported ADRs in the present study. With newer drugs released into market, there is a need for continuous monitoring of use of drugs to promote safer use of medicines in patients.
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Background: Alpinia galanga is an ayurvedic herb recognized and used across many traditional medicine systems for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. The present study scientifically validates the potential anti nociceptive action of ethanolic extract of Alpinia galanga by chemical, neurogenic and inflammatory nociception model in mice followed by identification of potential lead compound by computational analysis.Methods: The assessment of anti nociceptive action is evaluated by Acetic acid induced abdominal constrictions and Formalin assay on ethonolic extract of Alpinia galanga, followed by 20 compounds with known chemical structure of Alpinia galanga is subjected to computational analysis to predict possible lead compound with desirable pharmacokinetic and drug like features.Results: The percentage inhibition rate of Aspirin (100mg/kg) was 82.15% compared to Alpinia galanga (100mg/kg) 19.63%, (200mg/kg) 33.02% and (400mg/kg) 57.13% by acetic acid induced abdominal constrictions antinociceptive mice model. Alpinia galanga 400mg/kg (71.70%) had comparable percentage inhibition of nociception to standard group indomethacin (88.71%) in formalin induced nociceptive mice model. Among 20 compounds screened for pharmacokinetic and drug like features, Galanal B had the binding free energy -56.664 when compared to control compound 2AZ5-56.000.Conclusions: The Alpinia galanga extract had significant anti nociceptive activity and followed by computational analysis of 20 compounds with known chemical structure predicted Galanal B as lead compound with best insilico pharmacokinetic and drug like features.
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Background: Pharmacogenomics has is presence now in all major pharmacology text books parallel with another important chapter pharmacovigilance. Pharmacogenomics apart from therapeutic application it can greatly influence standard treatment protocols with prevention of adverse drug reaction. Since the future will be physicians practicing personalized medicine, this study was planned to assess the second year M.B.B.S Students knowledge and their perspective about pharmacogenomic application.Methods: A questionnaire to assess the knowledge about pharmacogenomics and current status of its application is formulated with yes or no, true or false option. The study was conducted on 120 M.B.B.S Students who passed out Pharmacology university exams. The questionnaires answered voluntarily were collected and the data was analysed and with results calculated in percentage.Results: 80% M.B.B.S students had sound knowledge about pharmacogenomics. 100% M.B.B.S student’s doctors were well aware about pharmacogenomics. 13.0% of students were not aware but wanted to know about it, while 7.25% of students were neither aware nor interested about pharmacogenomics.Conclusions: Most of the doctors were aware about the pharmacogenomics theoretically and they need to be updated about its clinical application in their practice by seminars, presentation and workshops.
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The usage of benzodiazepines, the major class of anxiolytic drugs is invariably accompanied by many side effects like sedation and myorelaxation leading to incoordination of movements. Intense research is going on all over the world to find out most effective and safer anxiolytic compounds. In the present study, portilaca oleracea has been investigated in detail for its anxiolytic in mice. The anxiolytic activity was screened by using two well validated methods namely elevated plus maze, stair case test. Portilaca oleracea displayed a dose-dependent anxiolytic effect similar to diazepam in the animal models of anxiety as revealed by a significant increase in the time spent in open arms of the elevated plus maze and significant reduction in the number of rearing responses in staircase test, the results of the present study have identified the novel anxiolytic compound.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the antiarrthritic activity of petroleum-ether extract of Portulaca oleracea. The petroleum-ether extract of Portulaca oleracea was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. Acute toxicity studies were carried out in Male Wistar rats and anti-arthritic activity by Fruends adjuant arthritis model. Phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and triterpenoids. Acute toxicity studies showed that the extract was non-toxic upto a maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Petroleum-ether extract exhibited significant anti-arthritic activity. The present study indicates that the petroleumether extract of Portulaca oleracea has a potential anti-arthritic activity can be used as anti-arthritic drug.